![]() For MLA (as well as Chicago style), the same verbs can also be used in the present tense instead of the past tense, as the second section below shows. The examples in the first section are adapted to APA, which recommends past-tense verbs in signal phrases. Signal phrases introduce the material, often. In APA Style papers, use double quotation marks in the following cases: Case. In the examples below, the author being cited is Jane Doe. In-text citations using either signal phrases or parenthetical references document material from other sources. Signal phrases are highlighted in yellow. Example Signal Phrases in Chicago, APA, and IEEE Citation Styles. After inserting your own analysis, use a signal phrase to clarify that you are returning to a recently cited source’s analysis or data. However, a few select signal phrases contain no verbs (e.g., "According to ,"). first time the source is used in the paragraph R.emember to indicate the page number for direct quotes. Often, signal phrases can be distinguished by the presence of a verb like "indicate" or "argue" that references what the author is doing in the original source. These expressions, which usually occur in the parts of sentences that come just before quotes and paraphrases, are called signal phrases (or, in some cases, lead-in phrases). It is relatively simple to use a wide variety of different expressions to introduce both direct and indirect citations. In most citation styles, including APA, MLA, and Chicago style, you can add variety to your research writing by not always using the same sentence structure to introduce quotations, paraphrases, or pieces of information borrowed from different sources. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. ![]() The basic constructions for citations are as follows: Direct Quotations (Short) Direct quotations use the (author, year, page) format. Where the citation appears depends on how you have structured your signal phrase. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. In APA format, in-text citations are required for both paraphrased and directly-quoted material. ![]() Writing Letters of Recommendation for StudentsĬopyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University.If it seems like a lot, check out these examples. List the page the information can be found on. ![]() The signal phrase allows you to: Prepare readers for the source.
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